Following the decline of the Spartans, the Athenians attempted to rebuild their power, and despite their defeat at the hands of the Thebans at Mantinea, managed to later defeat them in 357 BCE, forcing them off the island of Euboea and allying with Eretria, a city-state on the west side of the island. In 354 BCE, Philip II of Macedon, who was beginning to move south, was allied with Chalcis, the enemies of the Eretrians. When word arrived that Philip II had made plans to land an army on Euboea, Athens responded by arriving first, but it merely served to antagonize much of the island against them, and most of Euboea rallied to Chalcis banner, bolstered by Macedonian troops and Phocian mercenaries. Despite the odds, the Athenians triumphed over the Euboeans Depicted here is a cavalryman and a hamippos, the latter of which was a lightly armored infantry, intended to be faster and more mobile than the hoplites and serve as skirmishers with the cavalry forces, and raised from foreigners who resided in Athens and from the poor who could not afford hoplite arms and armor. The cavalryman is a prodromos, or scout, which were drawn from the best of the cavalry units, each of which would have 5 in their ranks to serve at the forefront of the formation. The two are charging a fallen Euboean, easily identified by the cow head, Euboea translating to rich in cattle. Athenian success however would be fleeting, and within the decade, they would be forced to make peace with Macedonia on unfavorable terms, and then after a brief uprising, finally defeated in 338 BCE.